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欧洲遇500年来最严重干旱_水位_巨石阵_我的网站

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原标题:欧洲遇500年来最严重干旱8月17日,由于多瑙河水位下降,塞尔维亚普拉霍沃附近的二战沉船残骸露出水面。    
GOP front-runner and four times-indicted Donald Trump will not be physically present at Wednesday evening's first 2024 presidential primary debate. But he'll be there anyway as the troubled candidate remains the dominant figure – and issue – of the nominating contest.
Typically, early debates are a chance for poll-laggers to make an impression, either by delivering a well-placed zinger at a top-tier candidate or shining with a smart response to a question. The front-runners tend to have targets on their backs, which could result in a weakened position or a stronger one, if they handle attacks from primary rivals well.
But in the case of the debate in Milwaukee on Wednesday, the participants are in an awkward, perhaps no-win situation: The front-runner won't even be there, and the rest of the field can't attack him without alienating the very voters they'd need to sew up the nomination, should the legally imperiled Trump be forced to suspend his campaign.
Trump is "going to be the huge, spray-tanned elephant in the room. He's going to be what everybody is thinking about, even though he's not there," says Dave Cohen, a political science professor at the University of Akron.
That means the eight candidates who have qualified for the debate – Florida Gov. Ron DeSantis, tech entrepreneur Vivek Ramaswamy, Sen. Tim Scott of South Carolina, former U.N. Ambassador Nikki Haley, former Vice President Mike Pence, North Dakota Gov. Doug Burgum, former New Jersey Gov. Chris Christie and former Arkansas Gov. Asa Hutchinson – have few choices, and none is terribly appealing.
They can attack Trump, defend him or try to ignore him – which debate moderators are not likely to let pass, Cohen says. None of those approaches helps a candidate emerge as a better choice than Trump without angering Trump's rank-and-file loyalists.
"They're in a difficult spot, strategically," says Stephen Smith, professor at the School of Politics and Global Studies at Arizona State University. But "it's one they've earned," he adds.
Only a few have been willing to criticize Trump directly, and it's not appeared to have endeared them to GOP primary voters.
Christie – who worked on Trump's transition team before turning on him – has been the most aggressive in his attacks on Trump, saying the former president lacks the "character" to serve in the Oval Office and needling Trump for skipping the debate, which Christie last week called "completely disrespectful" to GOP voters.
The tactic – essentially making himself the marquee foil of Trump – is based on the gamble that if Trump ends up leaving the race, Christie will emerge as the most prominent truth-teller and default new front-runner.
It's not going so well, so far: National polls have Christie in the low single digits. A recent Des Moines Register/NBC poll in Iowa puts Christie in sixth place with 5% support among GOP caucus-goers.
Former Arkansas Gov. Asa Hutchinson – who arguably on paper has the most complete and traditional resume for a Republican presidential contender – is also polling in the low single digits, his criticism of Trump not moving the needle at all.
Former Vice President Mike Pence has stepped up his criticism of Trump's behavior – saying the former president asked him to put him above the Constitution by asking him to refuse to certify the 2020 election results – but hasn't made it as personal.
Pence recently said he was not aware of any "broad-based effort" to declassify records before Trump left office, undercutting the former president's claim that the classified documents he is accused of taking and improperly keeping at his Mar-a-Lago resort were, in fact, declassified. But Pence has also been reluctant to say Trump should be treated like any other politician who has been convicted of a felony – meaning, ousted from office.
"I think that needs to be left to the American people. Look, let’s let the former president have his day in court. Let’s maintain a presumption of innocence in this matter," Pence told ABC on Sunday.
Former U.S. Ambassador Nikki Haley – the only woman who will be onstage Wednesday night – has cautioned that Trump's legal troubles could cost Republicans the general election. She hasn't directly criticized the former president but didn't shy away earlier this month by reminding people of how much worse Trump's situation is getting.
"Like most Americans, I’m tired of commenting on every Trump drama. I’ve lost track of whether this indictment is the third or fourth or the fifth," Haley said during an appearance on “Good Morning New Hampshire” radio show with Jack Heath – before the fourth indictment out of Georgia’s Fulton County.
Others have responded to questions about Trump with attacks on the criminal justice system and its prosecutors themselves.
Florida Gov. Ron DeSantis, who is running a distant second to Trump in most polls, decried the "weaponization of government" after Trump's third indictment – though he conceded he had not actually read the document. DeSantis also acknowledged recently that the 2020 election was not stolen, telling NBC "of course he lost" when asked about Trump's discredited claims of a fraudulent 2020 contest – a comment not likely to endear him to Trump's most devoted supporters.
Sen. Tim Scott of South Carolina called the recent indictment of Trump "un-American and unacceptable. We need a better system than that."
Tech entrepreneur Vivek Ramaswamy, who has edged upward in a couple of state polls, has walked a similar line.
"These are politicized persecutions through prosecution,” he said at a town hall meeting last week. “It would be a lot easier for me if Donald Trump were not in this primary, but that is not how I want to win this election," he added.
And North Dakota Gov. Doug Burgum is just deflecting the matter entirely.
"I do trust the voters. ... They want presidential elections to be about the future, a vision for the future," Burgum told NBC's "Meet the Press" on Sunday after being asked about Trump's troubles.
In reality, it is the candidates not named Trump who will have the most to prove or explain Wednesday night, analysts say. DeSantis, whose campaign has been flailing, might need to explain why he suggested some Republicans backing Trump are "listless vessels" – a cringe-worthy similar remark to 2016 Democratic presidential nominee Hillary Clinton reference to the "basket of deplorables" in Trump's base.
As the front-runner among the also-rans, DeSantis will likely take the heaviest rhetorical artillery from the GOP field at the debate. Most of the rest will be struggling to get out of single digits – with the possible exception of Burgum, who is still trying to get the American public to recognize his name.
Trump, meanwhile, said he plans to counter-program with the airing of a taped one-on-one interview with former Fox News host Tucker Carlson. Thursday – a day when the political news would typically be dominated by post-debate analysis – Trump will be the star player in an unprecedented legal and political drama, turning himself in for processing at a Fulton County jail.
"He's cutting right into the shadow of the debate" with that timing, Smith says. As he undoubtedly will during the debate itself.
意大利波河发现一颗二战时期炸弹。1616年深埋在捷克德辛易北河里的“饥饿之石”铭文:“如果你看到我,那就哭泣吧。”德国沃姆斯岸边出现了“饥饿之石”,这块石头2018年曾浮出水面。8月3日,西班牙瓦尔迪卡纳斯水库干涸,“巨石阵”显露出来。英国韦尔努伊湖的水位下降,露出了曾被淹没的拉努辛村。

二 | 今年夏天,欧洲遭遇罕见的热浪和干旱袭击,多地气温创下历史新高,旱情在8月初进一步扩大和恶化。由于高温无雨,欧洲河流湖泊水位骤降甚至干涸。这不仅给航运和船只往来造成重大难题,也意外让一些长期淹没在水下的宝藏、沉船和历史遗迹再度显露在阳光之下。欧盟委员会联合研究中心发布的报告显示,欧洲近三分之二地区发生干旱或面临干旱风险,已影响到内河航运、水力发电和农业收成。欧洲正在经历可能是500年来最严重的干旱,并且尚未看到干旱缓解迹象。欧洲河流:有的已“见底”,有的水深已不到两米6月底以来,接连不断的热浪让欧洲人感受到难以承受的高温,南欧、西欧和东欧多地气温创下有记录以来新高。

三 | 夏季炎热干燥是南欧地中海气候的特征,但温带海洋性气候的西欧今年夏天也没有了往常的凉爽湿润。数据显示,葡萄牙、西班牙、法国和英国部分地区7月均出现40摄氏度以上高温,其中英国首次突破40摄氏度。西欧家庭多数没有安装空调,人们只能忍受酷热。天气炎热,外加降雨明显少于往年,欧洲一些地方出现了干旱。法国卢瓦尔河部分河段几乎完全干涸,一些运河被迫关闭。

四 | 莱茵河是欧洲黄金水道之一,8月中旬的数据显示,它流经德国科隆河段的水深已不到两米。

五 | 意大利最长河流波河水位创历史新低,今年夏天部分河段游船观光活动暂停。塞尔维亚:二战德国战舰残骸现身干旱导致多瑙河水位降低。在塞尔维亚东部的普拉霍沃镇附近,数十艘第二次世界大战时期的战舰残骸裸露出来。有些船体已经变得扭曲,船上的栏杆破败,依稀还能看到船上的武器。这些沉船被证实属于纳粹德国的黑海舰队,1944年沉没,其中部分船上还装有数吨弹药和爆炸物,对多瑙河航运造成威胁。部分军舰残留的炮塔及舰桥部分较为完整,其余的大多仍被埋在河滩沙洲之下。军舰浮现水面还导致多瑙河位于普拉霍沃流域可航行的部分已从180米缩减至100米。意大利:二战遗留炸弹浮出水面意大利最长的河流波河出现创纪录的低水位,天文台的数据显示,这一地区已超过110天没有下雨。水下躺了很多年的弹药也重见天日。7月,曼图亚市附近一村庄数千名村民被疏散,专家拆除并安全引爆了一枚浮出水面的二战期间遗留炸弹。

六 | 据报道,这枚炸弹重量超过450公斤。波河水位下降,露出水面的还有德国人战时使用的一艘驳船。这艘名为“齐贝罗号”的驳船于1943年沉没。最近两个月以来,当地居民目睹了驳船逐渐浮出水面。随着干旱持续,船身越来越多地暴露出来。

七 | 捷克:水文遗迹“饥饿之石”再现干旱让大量“饥饿之石”重见天日。“饥饿之石”是中欧最古老的水文遗迹之一,一般用以纪念饥荒和警告,在干旱期间,这些石头被嵌入河流中,以标记水位,以此警告后世,如果水位再次下降到这一水平,他们将不得不忍受与饥荒相关的苦难。深埋在捷克德辛易北河里的“饥饿之石”最近露出了水面,石碑上镌刻着岁月,最古老的是1616年的铭文,上面用德语刻着这样一句话:“如果你看到我,那就哭泣吧。”8月中旬,在德国沃姆斯,低水位致使岸边出现了“饥饿之石”。这些石头上还带有1947年、1959年和2018年等日期。刻有数字“2018”的这块石头,当年曾经浮出过水面。西班牙:数千年前的“巨石阵”惊现在西班牙中部卡塞雷斯省,随着巴尔德卡尼亚斯水库水位骤降,一座环形“巨石阵”冒了出来。据悉,该“巨石阵”被称为瓜达尔佩拉尔石墓,由150块巨石组成,其历史可以追溯到公元前5000年,比英国的“巨石阵”至少要早2000年。它最初是在1926年由德国一位考古学家发现。1963年当地实施农村发展项目,兴建水库,这些石头被淹没。从那以后,人们只看到过它四次。当然,这几次也都意味着发生干旱导致水位变得很低。人们对西班牙“巨石阵”了解不多,它这一次现身可能让考古学家最终揭开其古老的秘密。此前专家表示,西班牙“巨石阵”如果再经受长时间浸泡,可能会完全消失,因为花岗岩岩石很容易受到侵蚀。佩拉莱达文化协会主席卡斯塔诺最近就发起一项请愿活动,要求将这个“史前纪念碑”从水中移出,移到它能保存的地方。英国:古村落遗迹时隔50年重现英国约克郡持续高温使贝廷思水库水位急剧下降,一座曾经沉入水下的古老村庄重现。据了解,建于1956年的水库淹没了贝廷思村,该村有一座拥有数百年历史的桥,这座桥曾是连接约克郡和兰开夏郡的桥梁,桥下的水库为韦克菲尔德市供水。约克郡水务公司8月中旬表示,水库水位已降至50%以下。

八 | 约克郡水务局局长尼尔·杜维斯说:“炎热干燥的气候导致约克郡的河流水位正在下降,水库的水位比往年同时期低20%左右。”高温干旱天气还导致英国威尔士中部韦尔努伊湖水位下降,被湖水淹没的拉努辛村的遗迹时隔近50年重见天日。拉努辛村位于如今的雪墩山国家公园范围内。19世纪80年代,当地为给利物浦供水修建水库,形成韦尔努伊湖,淹没了拉努辛村。英媒发布的照片显示,被湖水淹没的石桥、石墙和废弃的房屋如今一目了然。拉努辛村遗迹上一次从水中“浮现”是在1976年的英国大旱。关注专家:欧洲最严重干旱未有缓解迹象欧盟委员会联合研究中心8月下旬发布报告称,欧洲正在经历可能是500年来最严重的干旱,而且仍然看不到干旱缓解迹象。

九 | 报告显示,欧洲近三分之二地区发生干旱或面临干旱风险,部分地区旱情自8月以来持续恶化,已影响到内河航运、水力发电和农业收成。  联合研究中心专家认为,目前欧洲的干旱应该是至少500年来最严重的,夏季结束后的最终数据将证实这一评估。

十 | 根据报告,今年年初开始影响欧洲许多地区的严重干旱8月初以来进一步扩大和恶化。在意大利北部、法国东南部以及匈牙利和罗马尼亚等受到春季干旱影响的地区,情况恶化最为严重。报告说,干旱影响到内陆航运和电力生产,一些农作物出现减产。今年玉米产量将比前五年的平均水平下降16%,大豆和葵花籽的产量将分别减少15%和12%。欧委会负责创新、研究、文化、教育和青年事务的专员玛丽亚·加布里埃尔表示,严重干旱和热浪给整个欧盟的水位造成前所未有的压力,山火明显高于平均水平,农作物生产受到严重影响。

十一 | 报告预测,到今年11月,毗邻地中海的欧洲地区会比往年同期“更暖和、更干燥”;在8月至10月,欧洲部分地区可能迎来正常水平的降雨,但可能不足以使这些地区从超过半年的降雨“赤字”中完全恢复;阿尔卑斯山地区的旱情可能缓解,但西班牙、葡萄牙和克罗地亚部分地区可能继续经历“比往常更干燥”的天气。采写:南都记者 史明磊图片来源:新华社 中新社返回搜狐,查看更多责任编辑:

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